Analysis Of The Book Virginian Luxuries Pictures Essay

1. â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† pictures clearly portraits that there are two kinds of persons i.e.; white men and the black people. The white men have possessed the power, and other two black people seem they lack and don’t have any power in front the white men. This picture represents the physical and sexual exploitation of the slaves in the society. The first picture at the left side has shown well-dressed white man kisses to a black woman. But at the right side of the second picture a white man canes a half-naked black man. If we looked in the past era the pictures seem was drawn from the history, which reveals that the white men are on power lawyer and the black people are a slave to those white men. It has shown the clear indication that the white oppressed the black people in the past. In the first left side picture, the black woman is used temporarily for the white man’s pleasure and in the second right side picture, the black man is treated tranny. These tw o pictures are a clear exemplary to be able to notice the unequal power relationships between the white masters and the black slaves in the past. Alexis de Tocqueville describes the three races in the U.S. in the period of 1855. Tocqueville explained that white people with a strong knowledge, power and living in their original land with their custom keeping, whereas the black slaves who are living in U.S. far from their homeland in his book â€Å"Democracy in America.† According to the Tocqueville, â€Å"The white or the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 PagesSituation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition....................................................................... 1†© Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 1†© Financial†©Performance............................................................................................................................................................. 2†© Adidas†©SWOT†©Analysis.........Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 PagesSituation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition....................................................................... 1†© Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 1†© Financial†©Performance............................................................................................................................................................. 2†© Adidas†©SWOT†©Analysis.........

Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility Comparing the...

Elinor vs. Marianne Compare-contrast essay Jane Austens 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility puts across an account involving two English sisters who come across a series of hardships in their endeavor to find their personal identities in a relatively hostile environment. Elinor and Marianne Dashwood are forced to leave their home, the estate at Norland Park, consequent to their fathers death. The two experience economic problems and come to see the world with different eyes as they move in a small house and as they interact with people who are primarily motivated by finances. Even though the two sisters have diverging personalities, they go through similar experiences and they come to have similar perceptions of society. From the very first part of the novel readers are presented with the general atmosphere in England during the late eighteenth century. Women are discriminated and men come to inherit property belonging to their tutors. Men were typically provided with inheritances coming from their mothers and fathers alike. Conditions involving Elinor and Marianne were even more critical, as even though their brother inherited a significant fortune from his mother and his wife was expecting an inheritance from her mother, the two sisters depended on Norland Park. The moment when their father died was particularly problematic for them, as they became unwanted guests in the place that they previously considered home. The two sisters are practically influenced in takingShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Introduction to Sense and Sensibility1320 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility follows the lives of two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood, as they face the perils of findi ng love. In the novel, Elinor seems to be the embodiment of sense with her rationality and thoughtfulness, while her sister, Marianne, seems to symbolize sensibility. Marianne is incredibly emotional and wildly romantic. Although the novel seems to closely attach the sisters to these personifications, it is shown at the beginning of the novel that Elinor and MarianneRead More Mothers in Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesMothers in Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility      Ã‚   I can no more forget it, than a mother can forget her suckling child. Jane Austen wrote these words about her novel, Sense and Sensibility, in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1811. Such a maternal feeling in Austen is interesting to note, particularly because any reader of hers is well aware of a lack of mothers in her novels. Frequently we encounter heroines and other major characters whom, if not motherless, have mothers who are deficientRead MoreThe World Of Jane Austen s Sense And Sensibility Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociety, courtship and communication in Sense and Sensibility In the world of Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, sense is given such a high social governance on all expression, both emotionally and simply conversationally. This occurs even to the point where it is found widely in courtship, which is also heavily regulated and controlled by tradition and the possible stigmatized backlash from not following convention. It can also be found that conversation has a distinction on what is acceptable

Marketing Exchange Green Washing

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Exchange for Green Washing. Answer: Introduction: An exchange relationship in marketing simply means that when an individual and organization tries to satisfy the needs or wants and in return they offer money, services and even goods. Hence this exchange relationship turns into the relationship marketing. In relationship marketing there is a long term relationship with the target audience which helps the business or the organization to grow and hence marketing is increased. Any business or organization that provides values to the customers builds a good exchange relationship because customers are the only one that helps in the marketing of any business. It is very important for the marketers to create a good relationship with the customers and the stakeholders so that ultimately marketing is increased. A good marketing network only means a good relationship network. Marketing exchange which later turns out to be an exchange relationship is crucial in marketing. When exchange takes place then both the parties should have something of value for each other. Mainly its the utility that motivates the people to get engage in the marketing exchange. There are many types of exchange relationship that takes in marketing and those are restricted exchanges, generalized exchanges and complex exchanges (Chron, 2016). Main objective of exchange relationship in marketing is to obtain the desired product from other company by offering them something value that is of their desire and beneficial for their company. This model clearly explains the exchange relationship in marketing between the consumer and the real estate business. In this model it has been shown that consumers desire and needs are fulfilled by the real estate business and in return currency has exchanged for the process and mutual value is reached where both consumer and the seller is getting profit out of it. Exchange relationship in marketing is actually a part of the relationship marketing. Usually marketers build a long term win-win relationship with the customers, suppliers and the distributors. This relationship is only build by providing high quality goods and services with fair prices to the other parties (Boundless, 2016). Reasons to Provise Attractive Market to Tupperware Tupperware has adjusted their product line so that they can meet the needs of the local in the market that is emerging but not losing their brand cachet. It has maintained a "premium mass" image. This balance has helped Tupperware in countries like India and China where customers aim to have a brand status with good quality with affordable prices. Product localization with the help of ground design has played an important role in the Tupperwares growth in India. Before entering into the market Tupperware surveyed about local players and the way they make money at insane prices. They also reassessed their entire business model so that cost beyond overheads and other costs can be effectively managed. In India Tupperware used a locally developed mold for the eco bottles that it produced which helped the company to compete with the lower cost rivals yet maintaining the premium image of the product (Singh Shankar, 2010). This company also raised the local talent so that can have the better understanding of the domestic market. Tupperware has built a strategic foundation in the new markets of India and china (Inside Retail Asia, 2015). Tupperware in India had grown strongly and its revenues in 2009 contributed 29 percent of the total companys overall local currency growth among Asia pacific emerging markets that includes countries like china, Indonesia and even Malaysia (Mitra, 2012). It was also observed in India that many women joined this company to supplement family income which helped in increasing the sale of the company. Tupperware has also provided resources like human, financial and technological. Tupperware has not only targeted big cities of India and china but it has also targeted the villages and the smaller cities. When an organization and business enter into the new market they bring in the innovation, resources and even learning from the other market and so as the Tupperware has followed. It started with a clear agenda of developing a category on which the whole business was based. Tupperware also converted many consumers of India from using traditional metal food containers to the plastic ones in day to day life. The culture of India is totally different from the china. The direct selling model which is implemented in India cannot be implemented in china because of the strict regulations and the culture of the people. But both the countries offer large markets with no language or cultural barrier. Hence Tupperware has been a huge brand in the china and India as well. Difference Between Green Washing And Green Marketing Green marketing and green washing has become a trend in the organizations and the business now days. Both play an important role in maintaining the image of the organization. These both are actually similar to the corporate social responsibility approach where an organization has to follow the environmental friendly methods that do not provide any harm to others. Green washing and green marketing both the terms are similar to each other but are way different in their meaning. Green marketing is always a better idea to follow by the organizations as it does not create any issue. There are also many organizations in the world that claim that they are using an environmental friendly product but in reality it only turns out to be the fake claim so to understand this there are few difference that are made. GREEN WASHING This is basically a misleading claim that an organization or any business make about the green, eco, sustainable, or even services that they use. There are many companies that claim that the products they are using are ecofriendly or green but in actual these are vague claims that they make (Carbon Compass, 2010). Green washing is mainly based on the public that buy things from the market (Itchy Fish, 2010). The primary objective of green washing is to provide consumers the feeling that the organization is using steps in managing the ecological footprints but in reality they may do very little toward the environment. Green washing refers to the exaggerated claims and it has also become a major challenge for the industry (Forbes, 2012). It even leads to the consumer skepticism. There are many companies that practice green washing and one example is coca- cola. This company claims to be green and it has been asked to look over the marketing material for its Plant Bottle packaging (Zara, 2013). Other companies that practice green washing are: Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz, Rainforest Alliance, Reynolds American, LEI Electronics, SeaWorld and many others. GREEN MARKETING This is basically an authentic communications about marketing a product or services in a genuine way. It is all about marketing things that are environmentally safe and does not provide any harm. It even includes the areas about the production and the distribution process (Carbon Compass, 2010). On the basis of voluntary FTC regulates the green marketing. Green marketing also includes modification of products, changes the process of production and even modify the advertisement. Main objective of green marketing is to eliminate the waste, make environmentalism profitable, bring out the product modification and reinvent the concept of product. It not only focuses on the direct benefit of a product but it also focuses on the long term environmental benefits. There are also many companies that practice green marketing approach and one of them is Starbucks. This company has green advocates and has bean-to-cup approach. Starbucks also uses coffee cup sleeves that can be recycled which saves approximately 78,000 trees per year since 2006 (Starbucks, 2016). It has also paired up with environmental organization. References Boundless, (2016). The Marketing Exchange. Boundless Marketing. Retrieved on: 12 Feb. 2017. From: https://www.boundless.com/marketing/textbooks/boundless-marketing-textbook/introduction-to-marketing-1/introduction-to-marketing-18/the-marketing-exchange-110-6867/. Carbon Compass, (2010). Green marketing vs. green washing. Carbon Compass. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://staging.carboncompass.com.au/column/green-marketing-vs-green-washing. Inside Retail Asia, (2015). Tupperware finds favor in China. Inside Retail Asia. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://insideretail.asia/2015/10/22/tupperware-finds-favour-in-china/. Itchy Fish, (2010). Green Marketing and Green Washing. Itchy Fish. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://itchyfish.com/green-marketing-and-green-washing/. Mitra, S. (2012). Tupperware loses China focus to train eyes on India's bulging middle. Business Standard. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tupperware-loses-china-focus-to-train-eyes-on-india-s-bulging-middle-112120200066_1.html. Singh, A. Shankar, S. (2010). Crafting a successful India strategy can be tough for MNCs given the vagaries of the Indian market. The Tupperware story throws up some success mantras. CONSULTANTS CORNER. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/ETNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=ArchiveSkin=ETNEWBaseHref=ETM%2F2010%2F06%2F11ViewMode=HTMLEntityId=Ar02700AppName=1. Sobelsohn, S. J. (2012). Greenwashing": Deceptive Business Claims of "Eco-Friendliness". Forbes. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/03/20/greenwashing-deceptive-business-claims-of-eco-friendliness/#5bf46fac58b1. Starbucks, (2016). Recycling and Reducing Waste. Starbucks. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://www.starbucks.in/responsibility/environment/recycling. Thompson, S. (2017). What Is a Marketing Exchange? Chron. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/marketing-exchange-61868.html. Zara, C. (2013). Coca-Cola Company (KO) Busted For Greenwashing: PlantBottle Marketing Exaggerated Environmental Benefits, Says Consumer Report. International business times. Retrieved on: 12 February 2017. From: https://www.ibtimes.com/coca-cola-company-ko-busted-greenwashing-plantbottle-marketing-exaggerated-1402409.

Chr istine Joy Dar Essay Example For Students

Chr istine Joy Dar Essay Christine Joy Dar HI Dr. Weaver Assignment #5: In what ways was Manifest Destiny a force for change in the United States during the first 90 years of its history. Was it a force for good, bad, neither or both. The territorial expansion in America that occurred during the 19thcentury was outlined under the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. It was introduced in 1845 by a newspaper editor named John OSullivan. The doctrine referred to the notion that it was Americas God-given right and duty to expand its borders across the North American continent. It was indeed considered a force for change because it brought about Christianity and democracy to more people as well as more land and power to the New World. I do believe that the notion of Manifest Destiny had both good and bad consequences to America and the American people. Some of the good consequences was it did reinforce so much pride and nationalism in the mid-19thcentury. Because Americans believed that it was destined or God-given right to expand Americas borders, expansionists that it was their mission to expand, control and populate the country as they see fit. They believed that it was their duty to conquer and Christianize the land. This was best exemplified by the Puritans notion of establishing a city on a hill. Others also saw Manifest Destiny as a means of American domination of North America from sea to sea. It satisfied Americas lust for land. Land represented wealth and progress and the untapped wilderness provided the expansionists an opportunity for economic advancement. It also gave Americans a means to protect national borders and the removal of foreign influences. It also provided more room for a growin g population Expansion through the Manifest Destiny brought about improvement and progress. As proof, we are now one of the most powerful country in the world because our forefathers followed what was destined for them. It also opened new doors to trade and industry with other countries. By acquiring lands from other places like Alaska fromRussia, more routes for trade and barter was opened that is why we are now one of the most influential player in the worlds economy. The doctrine not only benefitted America economically and religiously but also culturally. With Manifest Destiny, American culture expanded. Americanswere able toshare their culture especially their love of individuality and freedom and these traits were shared to the Indians. The Indianswere able tolearn from the American culture democratic, religious and cultural ways that were beneficial to them. The Manifest Destiny also offered American to discover other places other than the community they grew up i n. Their chance of exploration expanded which enabled them to maximize their potential, discover new ways of living and learn to be innovative. Despite of the many positive gains brought about by the doctrine,opponents also argued and I agree, that there were also some bad consequences from it. It brought about war and conflict by starting a war with Mexico and Spain. We were also branded as imperialist by taking over other countries and territories like Guam, the Philippines and Puerto Rico. Territorial expansion encouraged slavery even more. Although Americans promised that they will not take land of other people like the Native Americans without their consent and through peaceful means, history showed that this did not happen. Slavery of Native Americans was as its peak and many were killed and displaced during the expansion. It also led to the death and suffering of manypeople,particularly the Indians. It also used the name of God in vain to manipulate other people. Land were taken forcibly while the Indians were made to suffer and abused. It was unconstitutional and was a threat to the indigenous populations like American Indians and Native Hawaiians. Although the era of Manifest Destiny has long ended, its influence could still be felt today on every foreign policy decisions. It could be heard in JFKs plan to explore the moon and our interests into other countries like the Philippines. Because America believes that they have an inherent right to mind other countries business and because they think that they have a humanitarian duty to spread democracy around the world, Manifest Destiny continues to loom large in the United States national character. That is the reason why we care aboutPresident Dutertesso called extra-judicial killings and the Syrian refugees, and other conflicts in the Middle East. In other words, Manifest Destiny made us a watch dog and care taker of democracy around the world. .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .postImageUrl , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:hover , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:visited , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:active { border:0!important; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:active , .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82 .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e1791360b5afd215c498dcce19b4f82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Radical Reconstruction Essay Work Cited: LaFeber, Walter. The American Age: US Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad 1750 to Present. W.W. Norton ; Co. New York, NY. 1994. Moriarty, J. T. Manifest Destiny: A Primary Sources History of Americas Territorial Expansion in the 19thCentury. The Rosen Publishing Group. New York, NY. 2004. www.connectusfund.org/12-impressive-pros-and-cons-of-manifest-destiny www. Visionlaunch.com/pros-and-cons-of-manifest-destiny

Africa Is Perhaps The Most Mysterious Continent In The World. Its Eth

Africa is perhaps the most mysterious continent in the world. It's ethnic, social, and religious diversity is impressive. Attempting to discuss a cultural aspect, such as music, without limiting the scope, would be impossible. ?The area of coverage has been limited to Sub-Sahara, Black Africa?(Graham1). When an individual hears the term African music, he probably thinks of the African-American forms, such as Hip-Hop or Reggae. Not many people today know what African music is all about. They do not know anything about it because they probably find the music somewhat primitive. A close investigation, however, will reveal the opposite. African music has a lot of heart and soul in it and went from a form of entertainment to a way of life. African music was not only used as music, as it is used here in the United States. When one thinks of a way of life, he probably thinks of his job, but in Africa not too many people choose music as their occupation. African musicians are people who play while other people dance or are in a group such as Senufo, an orchestra consisting of farmers, blacksmiths, and other tribesmen. (Bebey 3) A lot of Westerners reject African music because it takes hours to understand. Westerners who want to understand it have to accept the idea that it is not as predictable as traditional Western music. Most Westerns like music that is pleasing to listen to but, The traditional African musician's aim is to simply express life in all of its aspects through the medium of sound (Van Rensburg). Music has been a part of Bash 2 most African people's lives since they were born. They start making instruments at the age of three or four, and musical games are also played. Some youngsters even try to imitate their elders in dancing and playing music. There are even increasing amounts of students for piano(University). African music is also used for cheering people up. ?In some African societies music is a dynamic and driving force that animates the life of the entire community? (Van Rensburg). It is sometimes used for sales; some Africans attract their clients by singing. African music is even used for medical purposes, such a practice is called witch doctoring. Griots are said to be witch doctors, but they are a lot more. Griots usually specialize in invoking supernatural beings. In addition many people in Africa use music to communicate to the spiritual world. Baule, harp players, are know to communicate with the spirit world. This characteristic is echoed throughout African tribes. Most harp-lute players are also soothsayers and/or healers? (Bebey 22). The instruments, including the human voice, are varied as the types of music themselves. African musicians usually make their own instruments so that they will suit their own particular tastes. (Bebey 40). The drum is the most important instrument to African music. If it is not present, then it will be substituted by hand clapping or stomping. ?Vocal music is truly the essence of African music. African Musicians use the voice more than anything else. The voice does not diminish the interest to musical instruments?(Bebey 115). Anthropologists were concerning?with the role of music in African society, producing invaluable data on instruments, dances, styles and the emotional and aesthetic content of music?(Graham 16). Bash 3 In numerous African societies, the right to play certain instruments or to participate in traditional ceremonies is not open to all, but is the privilege of the professional musician. In some societies music is not consider a profession at all, which is why there are only a few professional musicians in Africa. African music is nearly always linked with some other art such as poetry or dance (Van Rensburg). Many African societies make it a habit to play traditional African music at least once a day so that it will not vanish. This practice clearly indicates the cultural importance of music to the people. African music has come a long way. What must be remembered is that music involves personal tastes. Not all people enjoy the same music. One's taste in music may reflect his cultural heritage. Some Non-Africans like it, and some do not, but what is most important to Africa is that the tradition continues.

Crusade

Crusade Crusade Crusade By Maeve Maddox The word crusade, used as both noun and verb, derives from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to mark with a cross.† Middle English adopted the Old French form, croisee. When the OF spelling shifted to croisade, English speakers started spelling it that way too. Finally, in the 18th century, the spelling was Anglicized to crusade. The Crusades were European-led wars that began in the 11th century with the intention of recapturing Jerusalem and other places in the Holy Land that had been conquered by Muslims in the 7th century, seven years after the death of Muhammad. The last attempt by a European king to recover the Christian sites was in 1272. The earliest OED citation for croisade in reference to these wars is dated 1557. In the 18th century, crusade acquired a figurative meaning separate from the idea of a religious war. The noun came to mean â€Å"an aggressive movement against something perceived as a public evil.† The first documentation of this use occurs in 1786 in the writings of Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"Preach, my dear Sir, a crusade against ignorance.† For more than 200 years, crusade has served English speakers as a useful word to signify any kind of zealous support or opposition carried on in the name of the public good, for example: Rep. Claude Pepper, who crusaded for Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal in the 1930s and was still championing the rights of the elderly a half-century later, died today at 88.   For years, I’ve been on a crusade to help people boost their productivity by strengthening their writing so they can avoid the problems that come with sending unclear messages. Klonsky is talking about the zealots, backed by multimillionaires, who are crusading against teachers unions as they claim to fight for the reform of public education. Kentucky has now, by reason of this legislation, decided to become educated - and we have embarked on a crusade for that purpose. Public School Crusaders Stake Out Rival Camps in Austin Sunday Express launches crusade for better mental health In the present political climate, the figurative use of crusade seems to be coming to an end as it joins others on the list of politically incorrect words: Campus Crusade Changes Name to Cru Ministry leaders worry that the word â€Å"crusade† has too many negative associations. President Bushs reference to a crusade against terrorism, which passed almost unnoticed by Americans, rang alarm bells in Europe.    Crusade is already coming in for criticism in some writing guides. This is from a UK university writing guide: Example 1: Crusade against crime Example 2: Campaign against crime The word ‘crusade’ has connotations of a battle and is more aggressive in tone than the word ‘campaign’. ‘Campaign’ implies a more considered approach. A style manual for Christian writers offers this advice: The terms  crusade  and crusades  are legitimate  words  in most contexts, although they should be  avoided  when used figuratively for Christian evangelism, modern military campaigns, or any effort to promote beliefs or values cross-culturally. As Western government spokesmen and journalists take care to avoid the English word crusade, the Arabic borrowing jihad comes to mind. Like crusade in English, jihad has two meanings in its language of origin: â€Å"a holy war against unbelievers† and â€Å"a struggle or effort to do good.† Here are some alternatives for politically correct writers who wish to phase out crusade in the figurative sense: crusade (noun): campaign drive push movement effort struggle offensive crusade (verb): work strive struggle fight agitate lobby champion promote Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names8 Writing Tips for BeginnersEmpathic or Empathetic?

Homeland Security Organization and Administration Case Study - 1

Homeland Security Organization and Administration - Case Study Example The organization has been and still is, a major threat towards global peace, and their activities have claimed numerous lives. However, the world got a reprieve when its leader, Osama bin Laden, was killed in 2011 by US Special Forces through a raid on a Pakistani compound. Following his killing, the US president delivered a speech, followed by the director of the CIA. As much as the speeches reassure on the safety of citizens in addition to the quest for global security, various inferences can be deduced from them, particularly in consideration of what Osama’s death means to the world. As such, Obama’s message is mainly a reaffirmation of the conviction of the American government towards the fight against terrorism. Obama also touches on the unity that guided the various parties involved in the fight against terrorism, and the American people at large. Nonetheless, he acknowledges the fact that the future holds a lot in terms of protection against terrorism. Obama states that the war against terrorism is far from over, and there is still a need to be as watchful, for terrorism is still a threat. By saying that the cause of securing the nation is not complete, he passes on the message that the future is still gloomy in respect of the need for security against terrorism. Therefore, the president’s speech is themed more on the aspect of victory, though he also acknowledges that there is some possibility for risk. Similarly, Leon Panetta’s speech appreciates the efforts of the various individuals and institutions that took part in the quest to find Osama bin Laden. Panetta establishes the need to rid the world and America of Osama, and his entire al Qaeda network. Throughout this speech, allusions to any future concerns are relatively scarce, except for the appreciation of the fact that al Qaeda is not dead, and retaliatory attacks are almost certain. It can be deduced that this implies a more detailed system needs to be put in place to eliminate, or at least reduce this possibility in the event of any future attack.  

Ethical and legal duties of health care administrators Essay

Ethical and legal duties of health care administrators - Essay Example Providing false data in order to convince the public of the hospital good performance is a serious display of unethical standards. The fact that the staff members were aware of these false data and they did not take any step in correcting or reporting the issues is also a serious display of unethical standards (Pozgar, 2012). The public relies on what is presented to them by the people that are entrusted with the management and running of the organizations that serve them. It is these individuals duty to give the public a clear picture of the organizations strengths and weaknesses so that the public can make the right and informed decision when seeking for services. Not only are the actions taken by General hospital unethical, but also they created a serious legal liability for the organization. If patients are directly or indirectly harmed as a result of these false information, they could sue the organization for presenting them with false information that put their life at risk (A HIMA, 2013). As an administrator, some of the elements from ACHE code of ethics (2011) that would help me determine the right course of action include the first element on responsibility to the healthcare profession. I would also utilize the element of responsibility to the organization by â€Å"being truthful in all forms of professional and organizational communication, and avoid disseminating information that is false, misleading, or deceptive†. Finally use my responsibility to report violations of the code. Following these elements to guide me through my decisions will not only uphold my integrity and ethical standards to the profession, but it will also make a significant change towards improved health care delivery. The first step to take is question those in control of the situation and applies disciplinary action as per the healthcare profession states. The next step is to request for a

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Macroeconomics - Essay Example The level of GDP increased from trough to peak by around 10.2 percent between the year 1981 and 1988, which states that the recovery was strong after the recession. Also after the 1990’s recession there was a sharp increase in GDP growth level. However it is evident that there is a long recovery period after the 2008 global financial crises of UK’s economy. When compared the recovery from all recession periods, it is evident from Figure 2 from the case that recovery from 2008 recession has been protracted and has the deepest fall in GDP growth levels in the year of 2008 recession. The period of Great Moderation that lasted from 1993 to 2007 was faced with smooth growth, low unemployment and low inflation. During this period economy grew to around 5 percent until it was faced with recession in 2008. There are a number of factors that can be attributed to a fall in UK’s saving ratio between 1993 and 2008.It is visible from figure 15 from the case that saving ratio fell to lowest 1.7 percent by the end of 2007.The graph also denotes fall in saving ratio over the years 1993 to 2008. Interest rate in the UK’s economy was low from 1993 that further fell to 3 % in 2003 as seen from figure 12 from the case. This meant that credit was easily available to borrowers at a cheaper cost and savers were not ready to delay consumption and instead save for lower return on savings. Low interest rates and low inflation acted as a disincentive to save. At same time housing prices were rising, which leads to wealth affect and people were ready to borrow and spend more. This wealth effect made people more confident to spend as they knew that value of their property was rising. This is could be seen in figure 13 where there is a sharp rise in average UK housing prices from 1993 to 2007, more than tripling over the 15 year period (Tejvan, 2008). Easily available credit during this period had encouraged more

The modern work ethic and orientation

The modern work ethic and orientation There are various types of works and with each type there is a different type of work orientation attached, for example in a regular manual labour one would not expect the worker to bring on high commitment to work as this worker will be working in order to meet ends with taking care of the family as his main goal. On the other hand in a skilled laboratory, for example, the scientist will be expected to work and bring along a good quality of work orientations so that the work goes on smoothly and the other research counterpart benefits due to a workers high quality work. Here the worker has the science related work as the main goal, and family and other criteria comes secondary. Initial studies have concentrated in generalising the work force and the work orientations they bring about at a work place. Though this was not very wrong at their times but in modern times this has changed as there is a lot of division in a similar type of work itself. For example, in a production company, there are people who are working at a manufacturing level, there are people who are working at RD level, and there are people who are working at business level. At the business level there are further divisions including HR, sales, marketing etc. At each level there are different types of orientations expected out of the worker. A skilled labourer working at a plant will have different expectations and future goals as compared to the big boss sitting at the executive level. The main issue here is that the old studies have concentrated on generalising the work orientations. In these new times there are new requirements to consider in order to make the work a better place which is beneficial for both the worker and the employee. Though we can learn a lot from old researches, newer studies are still required as the times have changed in a major ways. Therefore specific studies are required in order to understand what is beneficial for both. The meaning of work There are many definitions of work. In theology work can be the Karma or deed, in physics it happens when and where a certain amount of energy moves a body of specific weight through a specific distance and at the level of human labour it may involve employment or house work. In economic term labour is the amount of work done by humans and can include manual labour (which is the physical work done by someone or a group of people), waged labour (where a worker sells his labour and an employer buys it for hourly/pre-decided payment), or project management (where the main aim is to finish a task). Work is a social duty and contributes to social order in any society, it is also there to promote moral worth in the individual (Anthony 1977) The Ideology of Work (International Behavioural and Social Sciences Library), Even religion has paid emphasis to work like in Islam, work ethic argues that life without work has no meaning and engagement in economic activities is an obligation (Yousef 2001:153) even Buddha singled out laziness as a cause of downfall of men and nations and urged that everyone should put forth effort (Niles 1999:858). The basic reason for a person to work is for economic gains. Working to survive, to gain food, shelter, etc. a person wants to work to gain self- respect. But is it all about money? This is a question mostly asked to people who wants to associate career success to the amount of money they earn. Work is not always about money, this is because there are certain other terms involved including job satisfaction and career growth. Gallie, D and White, M (1993) Employee Commitment and the Skills Revolution, London: Policy Studies Institute. At the level of nations, every nation wants its people to work in order to contribute to the society. In certain countries it is an obligation where everyone must work to the best of their ability and contribute to society (Britain, Japan, USA) in others it is an entitlement where everyone has the right to a meaningful and interesting job with proper training (Netherlands, Belgium, Germany) [Status and type of job (Baruch, 2004)] The modern work ethic and introducing orientations to work According to Watson, work is the essential prerequisite of personal and social advancement and of self-fulfilment (Watson 1995:115). It is the meaning that working individuals attach to their work, which predisposes them to think and act in particular ways and with regard to work it is very important (Watson 2002). There are two types of works (Watson 1995), one which gives intrinsic satisfaction is enriching, provides any kind of a challenge, enables development and self-fulfilment, so here the work has an expressive meaning. On other hand, work which gives extrinsic satisfactions yields no value and is only a mean to meet the ends. Here, satisfaction or fulfilment is sought outside of work like in a hobby of some sort. Here the work has an instrumental meaning Work orientation  basically Refers to the ethics, expectations, and state of mind that any worker brings to an establishment. This topic has been of concern to many people. There have been studies which have revealed that work orientation influence the experience of job. Work orientation is related to motivation but is not motivation, it is associated with commitment but is not commitment. In the year 1960, studies were carried out in a car plant in Luton by Goldthorpe, Lockwood et al. Here he concluded his study with a paradox which was that workers were neither satisfied nor dis-satisfied with their work. They did not appear to be deriving any intrinsic or social satisfaction from job but did not express dissatisfaction with their work. [Goldthorpe J, Lockwood D, Bechhofer F and Platt J, 1968, The Affluent Worker: industrial attitudes and Behaviour, Cambridge Univ. Press.] Here he showed that an instrumental worker works to meet an end , has a calculative involvement, i.e. is not too indulgent or job oriented, and there is a clear separation within job and non-job related activities. Therefore the worker brought a only a limited amount of work orientation into the work organisation. Though in conclusion Goldthorpe says that the worker has a choice to leave the job and go elsewhere where he can have a better job satisfaction. This work by Goldthorpe has been criticized by many including Devine Grieco, Daniel Beynon and Blackburn. They said that all the work in industrial societies has an instrumental basis or nature, i.e. the worker joins the work knowing that this will be only to meet the end not to gain other things (Devine 1992; Grieco 1987). The instrumental worker does not have much choice as concluded by Goldthorpe (Beynon and Blackburn 1972) because either he is unskilled in other kind of work or he is limited in initial resources to start a work of a specific kind. Also Daniel said that Work orientation is not static (Daniel 1973). According to these critiques, Goldthorpe was overly simplistic with focus on money or as they said fulfilment because he chose a problematic group for managers to work upon, also he forgot to understand that manual labour was a lot more accessible to investigation which in the first place is not liked by workers who are doing this kind of job. Also his studies, did not had a control comparison with professionally orientation to work which includes qualifications, feeling of success, values placed on hard work, extent of control over destiny and feeling good about current job and attachment to organisation. His studies also did not include gender which is an important part to study at a society level because of many families now a days have both members working. Introducing gender There have been many studies done including by Hakim in which there is introduction of women and men at a same level in the work force and their studies. Since Goldthorpe et als study ignores gender, Hakims (1991) talks about women grateful slaves and self-made women and men and compare them. Hakims (1995) polarity thesis: work-centred women, home-centred women and drifters / Hakims (1998, 2001) preference theory He put forwards a preference theory in which there are 3 kinds of women; Work-centred women which constitutes of (25%) of the total population surveyed. These women were childless and were committed to work, investment in training, qualifications etc. His second group consisted of Home-centred women which constituted of 28% of the surveyed population who had family as their main priority. They did not prefer to work as they believed in qualifications as only for intellectual dowry. The third category of working women were adaptives which were a mix of both (47%) and combined a balance between raising children and reaching career goals despite of not totally being highly committed to career. According to them qualifications obtained for working was there to help them gain promotions etc. His work challenges the traditional feminist myths and shows that women were aware of individual differences (preferences). Though his work was survey based there were no dialogs with the women themselves (Procter and Padfield 1998; Caven 1999; Fagan 2001). He also assumed that orientation to work is static and predetermined (Fagan 2001). According to many critiques he Overemphasised choices and preferences and totally ignored structural and economic factors involved. Bringing men back in It is notable that there is in practice only one choice of work history for men, compared to three for women. Feminists who emphasise that womens choices are constrained and not completely free overlook the fact that women have more choices than men (Hakim 1996:134, But is this really the case? According to Nolan this is not the case as many men fits the adaptives category (Nolan, 2009). Fagan shows this by talking about how Mens commitment to work declines around time of childbirth (Fagan, 2001). Also Structural demands prevent men from spending time with family (Pleck, 1985) which makes them prefer to be adaptive rather than being totally work oriented. Work orientation and gender relation: Work orientation  basically Refers to the values, anticipations, and feelings that any worker brings to an organisation. This topic has been of interest to many people. There have been researches which have shown that work orientation effect the experience of job. Work orientation is Related to motivation but is not motivation, it is associated with commitment but ISNT commitment and it links with effort bargain and implicit contract Men mostly prefer to work in order to have a personal satisfaction and job related satisfaction i.e. their orientations to work are similar (Caven, 2009). More related research is needed in this area as this is a topic which integrates many other things including salary related rewards, career growth, time spent in job compared to time spent at home balance (Hakim, 2008; Raiden and Caven, forthcoming). There is also a need to show how and why a persons orientation towards a particular job or from a particular job changes. Conclusions The further research is indeed needed because initial studies have concentrated more upon general way of obtaining data. Also there has been a generalization of groups and initial researchers thinks that they can generalise people from all sorts of work in a specific category, this is not true as various types of jobs have their own requirements and faults which can attract a person or repel a person from that job, for example, a manual labour job given to a student during his time at the university will help him financially and keep him busy but the same job to the same student after his graduation will have no reason for the student to continue to work upon unless he is not getting a job in his specified field. Also original studies focussed on men and manufacturing and from that time there has been a lot of changes in the types of jobs available in the market today, there are jobs in various kinds of fields including science, arts, skilled labour, etc, also there have been sub division of work and thus there are different requirements at different levels. Further research in required to find out different orientations to work and the specified areas related to different aspects of work. Just like there are various definitions of work, there are many types of works done in a society. When a worker goes to an office there are certain things accepted out of him like work ethics, good practice, better outcome at highest level of quality, similarly the worker also expects certain things out of the employee.

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom :: Action Movies Film Indian Culture Racism Essays

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom As I sat and watched â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom,† the version of the â€Å"Orient† we get in this film is quite clear. Played and acted out by Harrison Ford, he was the all-knowing, adventurous, witty, â€Å"save the day† kind of guy, who just happens to be a professor and archaeologist as well. He knew throughout every scene, how to handle a particular situation even though parts of this country were foreign to him. What makes this â€Å"Orient† stand out even worse is his side kick, â€Å"Willie†, whom he met at the beginning of the movie in a Chinese night club. Kate Capeshaw, better known as Willie, plays the damsel in distress in this one. She plays an irritating â€Å"dumb blonde† who screeches at everything and breaks nails. She makes stupid avoidable mistakes and serves as a meddling stumbling block in Indiana’s path. One scene in particular that portrays her as the typical woman of Western society is when Indiana, Shorty, and her leave the village to head to Pankot Palace on elephants. Soon after boarding each of their own elephants, Willie is putting on perfume not only for herself but onto the elephant as well. This is to cover up the animals’ odor. Miraculously, she just happens to have perfume on her in the middle of India. As one watches â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom,† many scenes can be interpreted to represent the Indian culture that Jones, â€Å"Shorty†, and Willie encounter. Although the depiction of this culture seems very real throughout the movie and in certain scenes, the fact of the matter is is that the Indian culture is far from the true reality of life in terms of individual, academic and political levels. In the following paragraphs, I will explain different scenes throughout the movie that destroy the culture and racial background of India. Upon one of the first scenes that takes place ten minutes into the movie, Spielberg (director of the movie), conveys the country of India to be this weird, bizarre, creepy, forested and semi-cannibalistic jungle. I believe this was a crude and untrue portrayal of this country. I feel the worst scene of this movie was the dinner scene. They’re eating out of monkey’s skulls and they make the other culture look like complete barbarians. The eyes in the soup, which Willie sees and is mortified by, only makes the portrayal that much worse.

Autocratic Leadership

1. Nowadays there are several leadership styles being employed to run the organization in order to achieve the goals. One of the leadership styles that being used is autocratic style, which tell people what to do. The autocratic leadership style is always defined as excessively demanding with basically a one-way of communication. The leader will have the legitimate power to coerce subordinates to accomplish the mission. Decision-making comes from only leader and is not shared. Nevertheless, authoritarian can be useful in the under pressure situation. Leaders sometimes have to utilize this type of leadership to achieve their goals. This essay will argue that autocratic leaders are not always ineffective. This will be argued by some examples and reasons why autocratic leaders could bring about the benefit to the business and military organizations. 2. Autocratic leadership style is to put pressure on the employees or subordinates. However, in the workplace or military organization, some scenarios may require for prompt action. In these circumstances, an autocratic style of leadership can be the best style to adopt. Surprisingly, many employees have been working with an authoritarian and have a few issues to familiar with that style. One of a good example of an autocratic leader is Martha Stewart. She built her empire with personal attention to every detail. Whether people admire Martha Stewart or not, she never strays away from being careful and demanding. She's very successful in her endeavors, and often uses an autocratic management style. Many critics might argue that it was her autocratic leadership style that made her a success in the entertainment industry, which is an extremely competitive environment. Others might argue that even more success might have awaited her had she not relied so heavily on such a demanding and potentially damaging style. 3. Another circumstance where autocratic leadership can employ appropriately is while doing the projects in group. Many group projects seem to be failure because group members express their own decisions and lead to conflict. In such circumstance may need an authoritarian who can make and determine decisions for the group. The leader should seek the solution in which method the project can be done, delegate the task among the members, and make sure set the time for completion of the task. Steve Jobs, for instance, who is one of the successful autocratic leaders. He seems to be very authoritative. His decisions were made with slight consultation, and his decisions were made faster making him to react to changing in tendency of the business environment more quickly. The Environmental challenges which includes facing their rivals such as Microsoft. 4. In conclusion, some people argue that autocratic leadership style can never lead to success, but what it can achieve is to assist the process and run it into being a completion. Autocratic styles of leadership are becoming less and less applicable but there are still many contexts in which they work. During the first stage of Entrepreneurial organizations will rely on this type of leadership in order to make a decisive decisions and effective. However, it can be recommended that if leader utilize autocratic leadership should apply it wisely. Otherwise, it will be getting worse if use it in a wrong way.

Zora Neal Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God and of F Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby Essays

Zora Neal Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God and of F Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby Essays Zora Neal Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God and of F Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby Paper Zora Neal Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God and of F Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby Paper Essay Topic: Literature Their Eyes Were Watching God The works of Zora Neal Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God and of F Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby may appear to be very distinct. Yet the characterization that both authors place upon their female leads makes the novels appear similar in a deeper aspect. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neal Hurston presents the reader with Janie a strong round and dynamic protagonist. In The Great Gatsby, F Scott Fitzgerald introduces us to Daisy a static and flat main character who is essential to the plot of the novel. Janie is an African American woman living in the South, who grew up during times racism was present and when females were oppressed and subjugated by men, and life for African Americans was very hard and difficult. Daisy is an upper class, east coast, socialite, who grows up in a time of change marked by the devastating traces that the Great War left behind, and surrounded by a world of sinful passions, immorality, jealousy, and ambition. As we examine both characters we discover that though they have many differences they are very much alike. Similarities Aspirations Samuel Johnson once said Some desire is necessary to keep life in motion. Janie and Daisy both had dreams and aspirations which became at a climatic point the reasons for their being. Janie longed to find true love and throughout the novel, Zora Neal Hurston, presented us with her journey in finding her true love which in the end became a journey of self discovery and appreciation. In the second chapter of Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie often sits by a pear tree contemplating the horizon and her dreams. Daisy has dreams and aspirations as well. She dreams of a luxurious life style and a prominent and stable future that will secure her well being, as it is demonstrated when she chooses to not wait for Gatsby when he is sent to war and instead marries Tom Buchanan, who will fulfills her dreams and ambitions. Later another dream for Daisy will appear which will be getting together with Gatsby again and staring her life over. The dreams of the two women mold and shape the paths that their lives follow, as well as their outcomes and their relationships. Impact of Men Another similarity that we can understand from the novels is the fact that both characters are in a way mistreated and used by the men in their lives. Daisy who is sophisticated, graceful, charming and refined becomes the ideal trophy wife for Tom who controls the aspects of her life and knows how to manipulate through her weaknesses such as her ambition as it is represented in the scene where he convinces her into staying with him. Tom also cheats on Daisy and often ignores her. Janie has more to be talked about in this field. When she marries Logan Killicks, he demands that she work the land and dedicate her self to farming. After running away from him she becomes involved with Joe Starks, to whom she becomes a subjugated trophy wife whom he constantly oppresses with his insecurities by making her hide her hair and by whom she is physically and emotionally abused. Men do not only have a negative aspect in the lives of the two characters, they also bring joy and happiness to them. In the case of Daisy, Gatsby represents an adventurous love that rejuvenates her and gives her new reasons to persevere. He offers Daisy true love and fortune, along with a fresh start. Tea cake is to Janie, what Gatsby is for Daisy. He gives Janie hope and helps her in her path of self discovery. He unlike her other husbands treats her as his equal and truly appreciates not only her physical beauty but her internal beauty and teaches her how to appreciate the true beauty of life. Role of Women in Society It is also necessary for me to mention that both women had similar roles in society. Though they were form different social classes, races and eras, they both lacked a strong voice and figure in society as their rights were often overlooked and not taking into full consideration. They lacked equal status and opportunities to men and lived their lives under rigorous and strict patterns that affected the development of their individual voice, which is clearly reflected in both Janie and Daisy. At the time the stories were written at there were no rights for women and they had no institution that supported their cause. Differences Strength and Will Though the women may be similar in many aspects they are also very different in others. Janie is a strong woman. She has a set determination and tenacity to reach her dreams and overcome the obstacles in her way. In Their Eyes Were Watching God Daisy manages to not be affected by the negative comments made by her neighbors as she returns to Eatonville after the death of Tea Cake. She is willful enough to take off with Joe and then with Tea Cake and part ways into new adventures. She is also strong enough to resist the beatings that she receives from Joe and she manages to pass the intense trial she is put in for the death of Tea Cake. Daisy, on the other hand, is not as strong willed and determined as Janie. At points it is easy to compare her to a puppet, as she is constantly manipulated by her husband and always went for her ambition of wealth rather than her true happiness next to Gatsby. She is very gullible and often follows the guidance of others, instead of her own. Unlike Janie, Daisy does not preserve to achieve happiness. Physical Differences One of the most obvious differences between the two is their physical appearances. Janie is an African American older woman who in the beginning of Their Eyes Were Watching God is described to have a firm buttocks, beautiful long black hair and pugnacious breast. She communicates through dialect and wears overalls. Daisy is refined and carries her self as a lady. She is a bit dizzy and has vague and superficial thoughts. She is white, always has a bored look to her and is shallow. Expressions When it comes to showing their emotions and their feelings both women have different ways of doing it. Janie is the kind of person to be open and let all of her feelings show, while Daisy is more introverted with her feelings and sometimes it is questionable if she cares for any one other than her self such as the time when she doesnt even care for her daughter and treats her as an after thought. Janie seems to be very physical and more descriptive with her feelings as she shows them through her narrative. Daisy is really cold in all of her relationships and the way she interacts with other characters demonstrates her lack of ability to truly interact and make a strong and deep bond with the rest of the characters, other then the superficial and occasional encounters she has with her friends. Change One of the biggest differences that these characters have is the change that they go through throughout their novels. By definition Janie is a dynamic character, which means that she changes as a result of conflicts and revelations. She is also a round character who is multi dimensional and has sufficient depth to be understood. Janie goes through a transformation as she embarks on a journey of self discovery and comes to the conclusion that at the end it all comes down to conserving the beautiful memories in ones life. At the end of The Great Gatsby Daisy returns to right where she started, alone and rich but unhappy and miserable. She and Tom make and Nick states that people like them are meant to be together. By definition she would be described as a static character for she remains true to her initial introduction throughout the story. Janie is able to confront her aggressors as she stripped Joe in front of others and gain liberation to a certain extent from that experience, unfortunately Daisy does not. Conclusion Zora Neal Hurston and F. Scott Fitzgerald managed to create different yet similar female characters that embrace life and its ups and downs. The authors manage to present the reader with controversial characters that in one way or another break set standards. Janie and Daisy though very different, manage to mirror each other in deep aspects which are visible only to the critical eye.

Free Essays on How Would You Describe A Leader And Leadership

A significant part of effective leadership is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leader’s mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Young leaders of today face special challenges as they try to communicate and interact with their followers and potential followers. By exploring global perspectives, human diversity, and ethics, young leaders can take yet another step forward in their development and preparation for twenty-first century leadership. Globalization has many implications for leadership today and in the future. Global perspectives are being spread to the farthest points in the world and to the most isolated people. People of different cultures come to the United States daily to live, travel, or engage in business. Leaders must respond to this challenge of globalization so they can effectively reach out to as many people as possible. Opening themselves to the world’s changes allows leaders to compare and contrast their culture with the arts, language, beliefs, customs, philosophies, and ways of living of other people. By observing and questioning another culture, leaders can understand the origin of an individual’s viewpoints and become more sensitive to the cultural needs of that individual. By continually exposing themselves to other cultures, young leaders can thoroughly develop this global perspective and devote themselves to making connections with the entire world. On a more individual level, openness to human diversity plays a role in adjusting to the changes of the future. People are discovering that even within cultures, individuals come from diverse backgrounds, have different personalities, and prefer different ways of life. Young leaders can build a stronger relationship with their followers as they enhance their own appreciation for human diversity. As people become more dive... Free Essays on How Would You Describe A Leader And Leadership Free Essays on How Would You Describe A Leader And Leadership A significant part of effective leadership is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leader’s mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Young leaders of today face special challenges as they try to communicate and interact with their followers and potential followers. By exploring global perspectives, human diversity, and ethics, young leaders can take yet another step forward in their development and preparation for twenty-first century leadership. Globalization has many implications for leadership today and in the future. Global perspectives are being spread to the farthest points in the world and to the most isolated people. People of different cultures come to the United States daily to live, travel, or engage in business. Leaders must respond to this challenge of globalization so they can effectively reach out to as many people as possible. Opening themselves to the world’s changes allows leaders to compare and contrast their culture with the arts, language, beliefs, customs, philosophies, and ways of living of other people. By observing and questioning another culture, leaders can understand the origin of an individual’s viewpoints and become more sensitive to the cultural needs of that individual. By continually exposing themselves to other cultures, young leaders can thoroughly develop this global perspective and devote themselves to making connections with the entire world. On a more individual level, openness to human diversity plays a role in adjusting to the changes of the future. People are discovering that even within cultures, individuals come from diverse backgrounds, have different personalities, and prefer different ways of life. Young leaders can build a stronger relationship with their followers as they enhance their own appreciation for human diversity. As people become more dive...

Communication Analysis and Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication Analysis and Application - Essay Example It has been thought that emotion has no bearing in making an individual do good at anything and as such, irrelevant. Assuming the above notions are valid, one cannot help but wonder why so many smart people are not successful and why many not so smart people succeed. This inquiry is important for me as a student so I can reorient myself on which particular intelligence is more useful to become successful in the future. II. Research Recent studies however has illustrated that IQ is an insufficient predictor of success (Goleman, 1995). As early as 1920, Thorndike has already contended that intelligence is not merely confined to the province of logical-linguistic but extends to the social and emotional dimension. In this study, the bias for IQ as a predictor for success has been questioned given that logical-linguistic intelligence only covers part of of the many intelligence of a person. Since then, emotional intelligence became the subject of study of many organizational behaviorists, managers and psychologists and the research on the subject evolved to become a scientific endeavor that many constructs were developed to test and retest the validity and importance of emotional intelligence. ... He stressed that no matter how educated, intelligent or academically well prepared an individual is, it will not still tantamount to success if an individual lacks the social and emotional ability to manage itself, relate and influence others towards an objective. Gardner even went as afar as claiming that a lack in technical skill is a negligible handicap in making it in life but one can do without emotional intelligence to make it in life. III. Analysis The research enlightened me that emotional intelligence is as important if not more important than cognitive intelligence or IQ. It is so important that without emotional intelligence, an individual cannot succeed no matter how smart or educated a person is. Meanwhile, an individual can also be successful even with minimal IQ for as long as he or she has high EQ. This findings basically tilted the equation favoring more the neglected EQ as more important to succeed in life. More often, we are too focused in our academics as if it is the sole predictor of success that we overlook how we relate to people. The study about emotional intelligence made me realized that I should pay equal attention to my relationships with other people and myself inorder to succeed. My curiosity why there are so many smart people who did not succeed succeed in life was answered by the research. I found out that getting things done is more a function of interpersonal relationship like teamwork, delegation and leadership. The analytical skill brought by traditional IQ can be delegated and is an insufficient determinant of a work outcome. Through this study, I figured out that the main reason why so many smart people

London heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation Essay

London heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation - Essay Example London Heathrow airport is operated and owned by the Famous BAA limited. BAA Limited is managed by ADI limited, which a universal syndicate is owned by Spanish Ferrovial Group. The British airways and BMI, together with virgin Atlantic primary use Heathrow airport is there Hub. Last year alone it handled more than 66.2 million commuters and about 1.48 million tons of goods. This paper offers a brief and critical overview of    London Heathrow Airport Passenger Process Mapping and Evaluation form broad planning and mapping perspective. It attempts to form comprehensive summary of the Heathrow airport based on its operation, transport, inspection, storage or delay services Airport process Before one travel with any flight company one has to follow some procedure which is the same in London heathrow Airport. The activities include: booking of air ticket, registering for a passport and then travel if all is cleared (retrieved from www. Heathrow Airport information.com on 26th November 2011).Additionally, before booking an air ticket one needs to first get a visa card from the country’s ministry of immigration and registration of persons so that this may help the government account on its people who have left the country, this action helps the embassy of the citizens of their country to monitor their citizen efficiently and to help them in case a problem arise ( (Monkman & McMahon 2007, pp 51-53) Booking of any air ticket may be done online. Clients have to select the type of flight whether local or international, provide the category of the passenger that is whether adult young child or infant so that they can make special arrangement early in advance after completing the booking send the e-ticket request form and wait for the email reply where you check on the fare and the means of payment instructed sent by the flight company these is then followed by taking a printout of you e-ticket (Heathrow Airport information). Heathrow airport has four main termina ls that serve as check in, at this point there is the immigration control/ passport control department, the department has the made to inspect passport and clear the passanger. At heathrow airport, there usually two queues at the immigration control,either for EU/EEA passport holders. After the immigration control point, the passeger moves to Baggage reclaim office. Hearthrow is a busy airport and it takes some time for the baggage to arrive. Then, the passager goes to the custom control department but if the passanger does not have laggage to clear he/she goes straight to green channel that lead to the terminal. At the terminal they queue and check for flight information which are available on screen. What the passengers ought to know before using Heathrow airport If a clients luggage is not checked they need to inform the relevant personnel. Furthermore, if they have not been issued with boarding cards please contact the airline authorities before time is over, also in case of del ay in processing your travel documents please inform the airline desk of arrival so that you may advised on what to do since if you don’t communicate you may be considered as one of the travelled passengers. This may result in problems in case of an accident since some passengers may be accounted as missing while in real sense

North Country Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

North Country Movie Review - Essay Example It is evident from the study that the film North Country strives in every manner to be compelling at providing evidence on how injustice toward the working class of women has suppressed the rights of the latter to abide by a normal and decent mode of living worthy of general respect. Here is a situation that calls in desperation to acquire a saving act of grace in a society wickedly governed and dominated by male counterparts. Clearly, it is an issue no one in the right sound mind could afford being quiet about as it gravely insults dignity which every woman deserves to keep and be esteemed with. Women, for the most part, have played a very significant role of rearing family at providing an atmosphere, moral support, and needs in aspects other than physical which are very crucial for the modest living of every family member. A woman who is grieved by inhumane treatment would obviously be deprived of this capacity in reality so that as a consequence, she gets filled with anxiety and b ecomes unable to carry out functions intended to serve her community well. If this goes on, we may highly expect a worse impact upon the people within the woman’s direct influence especially the children once she is overcome by fear and mismanagement of tasks thereafter unless this woman expresses courage at reversing her fate so that, just like how Josey attempted to battle her way out of suppression in the iron mines, by the strength of character and profound level of confidence oppression by men may come to subsidence.

Theories in Media and Society Essay Example for Free

Theories in Media and Society Essay According to National academy of sciences (1999) a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation. In this light one gets to discuss the Structural functionalist theory and the Conflict Theory which are both theoretical perspectives found in the Media and Society. (a)(i) First and foremost, the Structural functionalist theory is amongst the theories found on the aspect of organization of society. This theory can also be referred to as Structural Functionalism, and it has the following assumptions. To begin with, the Structural Functionalist theory postulates or suggests that society is a complex system whose various parts (structures) work together to produce stability and solidarity.  These structures are a part of society because of their functionality in ensuring stability and solidarity. In other words, without their functionality in ensuring these two aspects mentioned prior, these structures would not be part of society.  To add on, Durkheim and Comte suggest that these parts of the society work together like the parts of a body for the benefit of society. In other words, one can say that these parts are inter-dependent, that is, they rely on each other to fully serve their purpose.  It is important for one to also note that this theory has two functionalities, and these are Manifest Functions and Latent Functions. In this aspect, Manifest functions in this case are those objective consequences contributing to the adjustment or adaptation of the system which are in tended and recognized by participants in the system. Examples include education, moral guidance, law and order maintenance. On the other hand, Latent functions are those functions that are neither intended nor recognized. In other words, they are somewhat less important as compared to Manifest Functions. Furthermore, organization of society theoretical perspectives also include the Conflict Theory. It has the following assumptions: The Conflict Theory suggests that society is made up of groups that are competing for scarce resources. In other words, this theory states that society is divided or disintegrated into various groups that scramble, if not fight for, these resources in order to survive be it socially, economically or politically. To add on, the conflict theory also suggests that power and inequality are the main characteristics of society and social groups are involved in power struggle (Karl Max). One can simply say that this means that the system called Society is patterned with power dynamics, and in those power dynamics are power struggles. Furthermore, this theory also states that this power struggle mentioned above, is a struggle for dominance amongst classes, genders, races, religions to mention but just a few. This simply means that in the entirety of society, there is the aspect of â€Å"survival of the fittest† in which the dominant ones survive and rule over the defeated or over the weak. In  addition, the conflict theory also assumes that there is social domination of subordinate groups through the power coercion of dominant groups. Furthermore, this theory also assumes that the dominant groups create rules for success and opportunity in society and they monopolize control, power, privilege and authority. In addition to the above mentioned, the conflict theory also assumes that the primary cause of social problems is the exploitation and oppression of subordinate groups by the dominant. A typical example is the conflict within the Ndebele State. It has 3 states, namely the Enhla, Ezansi and the Hole. The original Ndebele people were found in the upper class and they exploited some classes like the Hole for example and this led to a lot of conflict within the Ndebele society. Hence, it is typical for exploitation and oppression of subordinates to be the primary cause of social problems. One can say that these theories are valid in explaining the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society to a larger extent. To begin with, the assumptions of the structural functionalist theory are valid to a larger extent. The assumption that society is a complex system whose various parts (structures) work together to produce stability and solidarity is valid because it shows us that society has relationships, and that in their relationships, they have a goal which is to produce solidarity and stability. For example, the Zimbabwean society, the government in particular, always stresses on the need for the Zimbabwean society to be stable in terms its economy, and that it should maintain and promote solidarity. These two aspects are usually mentioned by the President of Zimbabwe R. G. Mugabe. To add on, one can say that the assumptions of the structural functionalistic theory are valid in explaining the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society. For example the one that states that society is made up of parts which work together like the parts of the body is a very practical assumption about society’s relationships. One can argue that in society there are groups of people, for example workers, students, civil servants, aristocrats and so forth. One can give an  illustration by referring to the Great Zimbabwe State that once existed in Zimbabwe. Miners could not survive alone because they depended on blacksmiths to make them tools for digging and excavating. Thus this simply shows that indeed society’s groups which are seen as parts in this theory, are inter-dependent on each other hence this theory is valid if not actually practical. Furthermore, these two theories are valid because they show us the existence of conflict within the society. The conflict theory states that society is made up of groups that compete for resources and this is very true and practical. A situation like this happened in Zimbabwe during the colonial era whereby whites were exploiting the resources available in Zimbabwe which eventually led to the Chimurenga war. The relationship between these two races was very hostile and sour because of the competition for these scarce resources. This war took place because there was intense competition for resources in the country and as such, this war was to settle the fight. Thus in essence, these theories are quite valid in explaining the existence of relationships in society. Society is made of classes that compete for scarce resources and this is best illustrated in the conflict theory. It states that in society, dominant classes oppress and exploit the lower classes which eventually leads to conflict. An example is the Apartheid Era in South Africa. The Boers were oppressing and exploiting the blacks and their resources. The blacks advocated for equality, through their icon Nelson Mandela. This sour between the blacks and the whites led to a serious conflict which was catalyzed by the competition for resources. Hence one can argue that these theories explain the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society to a larger extent. In addition, these theories are valid in explaining the relationships that exist in society to a larger extent. They enable one to fully understand the fact that conflict is part and parcel of society and that it is sometimes needed in order for development to occur. To add on, these theories also enhance one’s understanding of how society is divided and structured. It  shows that society has groups and individuals who live together in relationships, and that in these relationships, they serve to achieve certain goals and objectives like solidarity for example. In a nutshell, the conflict and the social functionalist theory are theories that are very much socialistic and they help one to get the concept of how society is organized, how the members of society relate to each other in achieving their goals and also that conflict exists in society. These theories are somewhat a blue print of how society is organized and how its members are inter-dependent on each other to survive.

Jesus, Gender and The Holy Bible :: Holy Bible Essays

Jesus, Gender and The Bible Sunday evening I attended my weekly Ecumenical Christians of Oberlin meeting. This is a group of generally open-minded individuals that get together on Sundays to have dinner and discuss topics related to Christianity. Topics range from "What is the Kingdom of God?" to "Pacifism: Turning the Other Cheek." Our topic this Sunday was "Women and the Bible." At first I thought that we might be studying Esther or one of the many Marys - prominent women in the Bible that are always mentioned whenever the subject is brought up. I was partly correct: we did mention most if not all of the Marys, although we did not mention Esther. Being primarily a non-fundamentalist Christian group, we tend focus on the New Testament. I also thought that this might end up being a discussion on the women who were important to Jesus and why they were important. Once again, I was partly correct: we did discuss them, but we ended up discussing much more. The first of two questions we considered was "How does my being male or female affect my spirituality?" I thought for a while and could not think of a single way in which it did. I often ponder how my being male affects my relationships with my biological father, the opposite sex, and society. But, before this meeting, I had never pondered how being male affected my spirituality. Most of the men in the room seemed to be in a similar state of confusion at the question. The women, however, had a more varied response. Some felt the same way I did - they had never really thought about it. A couple mentioned how being able to give birth to another human brought them closer to God, the creator of life. Several more mentioned sexism in the church and how it interfered with their spirituality. This got the discussion rolling, although in a slightly different direction from what the discussion leader had planned. We talked about how sexism in the church had affected our lives. The church ofte n seems to push men and women into specific roles. Women are not always taken seriously, and their spiritual gifts and needs are sometimes ignored. These shortcomings, caused by members of the church as well as tradition, are harmful to members of both genders because they can distort people's views of the world, the Bible, and God.

Early Language and Development Essay

Language is a complex and abstract endeavor, wonderfully creative at the same time governed by a multitude of rules. Before the age of 1 year, babies communicate with intent, primarily through the use of body orientation, facial expressions, gestures, and nonsymbolic vocalizations that mimic the intonations of their native language. At the end of the first year, however, many babies are beginning to use word approximations, consistent combinations of sounds as a transition to language, a symbolic system of communication. During the toddler years, language development is focused on semantics, or the meaning of words, and on syntax the rules of grammar for the language. (Slentz, et al. , 2001) Early language developments are crucial stage to one’s life. Baby’s language are through actions, and it could mean various meaning. Babies can’t speak yet, but they have their own ways to let us know how they feel. From the beginning, a mother and baby can be seen attuning to each other. They copy each other’s movements and expressions with mutual relaxed smiles, and later with laughing delight. (Clulow, et al. , 1993) Attunement is an essential factor for speech and language in general. According to John Bowlby (1980) early month – infant bonding and attachment are crucial to early language and development, thus it should be given importance by the mother to her baby as soon the baby was born. It is also noted that our feelings are easier to convey or communicated with infants. For an instance, baby cries when he hears another baby crying or when a mother the mother is angry while holding the baby, the baby becomes fussy. (Klein, 1987) Moreover, at an early stage, the mother’s speech affirms and responds to the infant’s eagerness to become involved in â€Å"proto-conversation†, a non – verbal form of discourse. Speech engages attention, communicates feelings, and facilitates social interaction as well as facilitating language acquisition. (Clulow, et al. , 1993) If a mother cannot attune to her baby’s rhythm then, as a result the baby will become distressed. This in turn stresses his mother, usually upsetting more, so that a vicious circle is likely. From birth onwards, children can be regarded as active participants in interaction. As for intentionality, young children develop along a continuum, in which they gradually learn to use more sophisticated and conventional means to communicate and also demonstrate increasing competence in intentionally conveying meanings to their interactive partners. The most common communicative functions of early intentional communicative acts have been found to be requests for objects/actions and comments on objects/actions (Paavola et al. ,2005) A mother’s ability to monitor her child’s visual attention and exhibition of a vocal or an exploratory act and then to respond promptly, contingently and appropriately is usually referred to as responsiveness. There is a lot of evidence for the supporting role of maternal responsiveness in child language development However; the efficacy of maternal responsiveness may not be global. Instead, it has been suggested that certain aspects of responsiveness are more predictive than others to particular language outcomes in the child. Furthermore, it is possible that children differ in their needs to be guided and supported by their mothers, which leads to differences in maternal role in early interactions (Paavola et al. , 2005) According to Harris (1992) the relationship between the cognitive/perceptual processes involved in development and the child’s linguistic experiences. The first steps in language development and the role of adult-child interaction (both verbal and nonverbal) are very important. The focus is on the way parents–mothers in particular–structure the child’s language-learning experiences so that they are conducive to the steps the child must take to master the first stages of language acquisition. Moreover, Harris (1992) concludes that early lexical development (the learning of an initial vocabulary) may be more sensitive to individual differences in parental interaction styles than has been demonstrated to be the case for syntactic development. Hence, the emphasis of the monograph is on the period and processes of parent interaction and child language development from the pre-verbal phases, from 6 month of age, through to the appearance of word combinations, around 2 years of age; that is, roughly Brown’s (1973) Stage I and early Stage 2. There are 3 major theoretical controversies about the nature and process of language development; the research into the influence of adult speech on children’s learning language; the role of the social interactional context in assisting language development; the child’s use of the immediate referential context in progressing through the first steps in language development; and what constitutes appropriate evidence with which to address these issues. (Harris, 1992) In the early weeks of life, pragmatic skills (responding to verbal and non-verbal aspects of language) develop as babies interact with their carers through crying, blinking and smiling. First words appear between 12 and 18 months. (http://www. literacytrust. org. uk/Research/earlylanguage. html) ? 12-month-olds can distinguish between words, mouth sounds and object noises. They have linguistically specific knowledge of the privileged status of language. (Pruden, et al. , (2006) ? Children aged 18 to 35 months demonstrate learning through integration of earlier instruction with subsequent problem-solving experience. Toddlers are not passive learners. (Chen and Siegler, 2000) Furthermore, according to the website http://www. literacytrust. org. uk, Mother-child dynamic in language learning has been central to early year’s research. Mothers are often the predominant influences in children’s early years. The concentration on maternal speech input implies that mothers share a unique relationship with their children as they learn language, that mothers are programmed to respond to children’s sounds in a way that reinforces early language development and, in turn, that the child has an innate capacity for learning language. Early studies in this area found that mother’s speech facilitates, and, in some cases, hinders the language development of young children. Social contact between parents and infants are considered to be a contributing factor in language development. It is also noted that social interaction with other people can either impede or development the babies language. Environment and culture can influence one’s speech as well. A baby whose parents are Asian and American and living in Europe could somehow impede his speech especially when there are different languages at home. Being specific at an early age could help the baby understand more and becomes attuned to his surroundings. Additionally, when the child verbally establishes complex connections and relations between perceived phenomena with the help of an adult, the child introduces at each moment essential qualitative changes in the receptivity and interpretation of sensory input to his brain. When a child acquires a word which isolates a particular thing and serves as a signal for a particular action, the child carries out an adult’s verbal instruction is connected to this word. (Eveloff, 1971) Toddlers build vocabulary based on unique experiences, and new words are acquired at an average rate of one word per week until children are 18 months old. Some toddlers focus on primary words that refer to objects and people, and developing strategies such as asking â€Å"what’s that† to elicit noun labels in response from adults. Other youngsters had vocabularies with more words for affect, motion or location, expressive language. Language is considered to be the most significant adaptive measure available to developing human. Language is highly related to developmental hierarchies such as neurophysiologic, cognitive, and affective. .(Slentz, et al. , 2001) Overall, early language and development starts with parents or the babies caregiver, it is an essential factor for parents to be educated properly on what are their roles in developing their babies language. Babies’ language development can impede or progress, depending on the ability of the parents and how they interact with their babies. I personally believe that education is the best tool in order to achieve great results for communicating well. Language, speech, and emotions can be linked together. Emotions are greatly expressed through words, and thus this will lead to how we can influence the child’s language and development. Parents are foremost educators on developing the characteristic and personality of the child. Language factor is another contributing aspect on how the child will become in the future. References: Bowlby, J. (1980) Loss: Sadness & Depression [Vol. 3 of Attachment and Loss]. London: Hogarth Press; New York: Basic Books; Harmondsworth: Penguin (1981). Brown, R. W. (1973) A First Language: the Early Stages. Cambridge, Harvard University Press Chen, Z. , & Siegler, R. S. (2000). Across the great divide: bridging the gap between understanding of toddlers’ and older children’s thinking. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 65 No. 2 Clulow, C. (1993) Human Development: An Introduction to the Psychodynamics of Growth, Maturity and Ageing. Psychology Press UK Eveloff, H (1971) Some Cognitive and Affective Aspects of Early Language Development Child Development, Dec71, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1895-1907, 13p; Harris, M (1992) Language Experience and Early Language Development: from input to Uptake Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Paavola, et al. , (2005) Maternal responsiveness and infant intentional communication: implications for the early communicative and linguistic development.. Child: Care, Health & Development, Nov2005, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p727-735, 9p; Pruden, et al. , (2006) The Birth of Words: Ten-Month-Olds Learn Words Through Perceptual Salience Child Development 77 (2), 266–280. Slentz, K. , & Krogh (2001) Early Childhood Development and Its Variations. Mahwah, N. J. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. â€Å"Early language development: a review of the evidence for birth to age three† can be accessed at http://www. literacytrust. org. uk/Research/earlylanguage. html (accessed February 22, 2007)

Patient Education Plan Essay

This is a Patient Education Plan for a patient suffering from a gastrointestinal disease called liver cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal infection is said to be any communicable disease which involves the gastrointestinal tract making it as its portal of entry of affecting it by any means. The organisms which produce toxins cause this kind of infectious intestinal disease all by themselves. Thus, cirrhosis is an irreversible type of liver damage described as a dense scarring (fibrosis) of the hepatic tissues. In the United States, the major causes are excessive alcohol consumption and viral Hepatitis C. Other known causes include chronic hepatitis B and D, iron overload, autoimmune/inherited diseases, chronic bile duct obstruction, and drugs, toxins and other infections as well. The patient in this specific case is a 38-year old male who has been working as a gardener and janitor in one of the prestigious learning institutions in the United States. Even if he is only 38, he looks like he is 50 years old already. Let us call him â€Å"Dave† for purposes of confidentiality and patient protection. Dave is the breadwinner of a family of five. He has three children and his wife is working as a clerk for an agency within the neighborhood. Being a gardener and a janitor at the same time, he is often on duty the whole day under the intense heat of the sun with little rest or no rest at all. He also works daily without any rest days and frequently engages in over time to get extra pay to sustain life’s needs. Patient 2 Because of too much toiling done, Dave believes he deserves to relax after work so he always drinks alcohol to relax his muscles. This has become a regular habit of his for the past 15 years. It all began as a relaxing strategy until it has become a daily habit. Drinking has become his idea of socialization. Though he knows the dilemmas of habitual drinking, he is finding a hard time to get himself to minimize or stop drinking. Even at work, he keeps a bottle secretly kept so he can take sips or gulps from time to time while keeping himself busy. It has become as sort-of water to him. It should be noted that before Dave became an alcoholic, he has a large frame weighing 180 lbs. and standing at 5 feet and 11 inches. After he became an alcoholic, he now weighs only 150 lbs. which is way below his ideal weight. His skin wrinkled and darkened but with tinges of yellowish areas all throughout his body. His body bulged since his liver has inflamed already and edema has occurred inside him. Physically, one will know right then that he is sick. As to his family history, it is important to be aware that his father was also a habitual drinker but lucky enough for him that he did not develop liver cirrhosis. However, two brothers of his father had liver cirrhosis and one of them died of the disease. Therefore, said gastrointestinal disease runs in their family. Dave had a chance of going to college but because of attitude problems he fell short and finished only high school. So he ended up with a menial job as a school gardener and janitor. Based on his scholastic records, he was a good student. He gained good grades, not academically rewarding but decent enough to pass college scholarships. His alleged stubborn traits had won him over. Patient 3 The patient, Dave, preferred to engage in one-to-one learning technique rather than learning by group method. Dave has several sensitive, private and critical issues which he opts to share only with the learning provider, in this case, the nurse. In fact, Dave did not even approved of the idea of â€Å"learning† at first because of his stubbornness. He wants to do things alone but with thorough explanation, he was able to understand his condition little by little and began cooperating to work on his sick state. So what is liver cirrhosis all about? The disease has been defined earlier as a form of liver damage which affects the gastrointestinal system. Among the early signs include weakness/fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis, tea-colored urine, clay-colored stool, amenorrhea, decreased sexual urge, loss of pubic and axilla hair, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and pruritus or urticaria. Late signs involve hematological, endocrine, GIT and neurological changes. Further, it can complicate into more serious illnesses such as edema and ascites (fluid buildup), bruising and bleeding, jaundice, itching, gallstones, toxins in the blood or brain leading to impaired brain function, kidney failure, sensitivity to medication, portal hypertension, varices, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes, liver cancer and problems with other organs. In Dave’s case, it began as a severe case of alcoholism combined with malnutrition which led Laennec’s cirrhosis. This went on to the destruction of hepatic cells or hepatocytes then fibrosis or scarring. Following thereafter is an obstruction of blood flow which increases pressure in the venous and sinusoidal channels then fatty infiltration leading to further fibrosis or scarring. Finally, portal hypertension or high blood pressure (hypertension) in the portal veins and its branches resulted. Patient 4 The prevalence of liver cirrhosis can come across all ages starting at the age of 21 but as the age increases, the rate of scarring progression increases as well. This means that liver cirrhosis cases are more serious with higher age. In Dave’s case, his age may directly affect the severity of his condition. Development of his illness was hastened in that it has been at least 15 years since he became a habitual drinker. It was accumulated through time and in his case, progression is faster compared to others. Because of his liver disease, he cannot work as a gardener and janitor anymore as these are jobs which require much strength and energy. He cannot fulfill his responsibilities at home and his family as well since his health is generally impaired. Further, he cannot participate in community activities too. Patient needs to be educated regarding his nutritional needs. He must monitor his calorie intake and the amounts and kinds of food that he takes to avoid obesity. If possible, he must be given a schedule of diet so he can eat the right kinds of food at the right time and place. Moreover, he must be taught how to improve his depreciating self-esteem due to inability to fulfill his usual duties. He must develop healthy lifestyle practices and new behaviors which will help him regain his confidence. From this moment on, Dave must be able to recover from his health and personality deficiencies. Instead of feeling down and troubled, he must mature by seeing the brighter side of life. The key is acceptance of his present condition and avoid feeling regretful and confused as much as possible. This can be done more competently with the support of the nurse and the significant others who are connected to him.